Despite experiencing a decrease in its electricity export share, the Czech Republic retained its position as a significant electricity exporter in 2023, exporting nine terawatt-hours (TWh). This marked a year-on-year decline of five TWh, yet the country secured its spot as the fourth-largest electricity exporter within the European Union (EU). An analysis by consulting firm EGÚ Brno highlights the evolving dynamics in the European electricity market.

The study anticipates a continued contraction in the export share, primarily influenced by the diminishing role of coal in the Czech energy landscape. This trend raises the prospect of the Czech Republic transitioning from an electricity exporter to an importer in the future. France emerged as the leading EU exporter last year, with 49 TWh, emphasizing the crucial role of nuclear power plants in its electricity production.

The decline in the Czech Republic’s electricity exports is attributed to reduced production from coal and gas-fired power plants, driven by falling prices in the market. Germany, a historically dominant player, experienced a significant shift, becoming an importer of electricity after more than two decades. This transformation resulted from the closure of nuclear power plants and decreased electricity supplies from coal power plants.

Conversely, Slovakia, benefiting from the commissioning of a nuclear power plant in Mochovce, resumed its position as an electricity exporter, exporting 3.5 TWh. This reversal in roles reflects the dynamic changes occurring in the European energy landscape.

The study also highlights the contrasting scenarios in countries like Austria, a long-term importer, which reduced exports from ten TWh to around two TWh due to increased production from hydroelectric power plants and lower consumption. Poland and Hungary, as regular importers, maintained their deficit positions last year.

The consulting firm EGÚ Brno foresees limited changes in the balance sheets of these countries in the medium term, underscoring the ongoing shifts and challenges shaping the electricity trade dynamics within the EU.

Article by Prague Forum